Criminal Justice Practice Exam

The statement that the Bill of Rights originally applied only to the U.S. national government is accurate. When the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791, it consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, and these amendments were intended to limit the powers of the federal government regarding individual liberties. At that time, the states were not bound by these amendments; it wasn’t until the incorporation doctrine emerged, primarily through the Fourteenth Amendment in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that the protections outlined in the Bill of Rights were applied to the states through various Supreme Court rulings. Understanding this context highlights how the initial intent of the Bill of Rights was to directly constrain federal authority and protect citizens from potential government overreach at the national level. Over time, the interpretation of these rights has evolved to ensure they also apply to state governments, but that was not the original framework when the Bill of Rights was created.